Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis and Raman spectroscopy confirmed that calcite was the dominant self-healing product. Furthermore, the sorptivity coefficient decreased significantly by incorporating bacteria. The results reveal that the bio-based specimens attained a remarkably enhanced crack healing ratio, while no obvious self-healing was observed in abiotic control samples. The effect of different calcium sources on the reaction kinetics, mechanical properties, capillary water absorption, and final self-healing compounds was investigated. Accordingly, this study aims at investigating the self-healing efficiency of alkali-activated slag-based composites using bacteria immobilized in expanded glass granules made from recycled glass.
While bacteria-based crack self-healing has attracted enormous research interests in OPC-based materials, only limited research has explored such self-healing in AAMs. However, AAMs are susceptible to cracking due to their inherent brittleness, which may compromise their service life and severely hinder wider acceptance and applications of AAMs. Alkali-activated materials (AAMs), usually derived from the activation of industrial by-products, have demonstrated great potential as alternatives to ordinary portland cement (OPC) concrete.
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